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Phage identification tool shortens the search for specific viruses to combat dangerous bacteria

A newly developed laboratory tool can, within hours, help to identify specific viruses which can be used to destroy variants of the dangerous pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Viruses of bacteria, known as bacteriophages, offer an alternative approach to antibiotics in treating multiresistant pathogens.

The new tool could make an important contribution to future phage therapies which are not yet used as a standard in Germany. It was developed by a research team led by Professor Andreas Peschel of the Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI) of the University of Tübingen and in the journal Cell Reports.

Multiresistant bacteria pose a growing threat to human health worldwide. Among them is a pathogen often found in hospitals—Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause severe inflammation and even sepsis. In its multiresistant form, MRSA can only be treated with great difficulty.

Peschel says, "Antibiotics are our most important weapon against infections, but with increasing frequency we are seeing that they either are ineffective or cause too many side effects. Phages, by contrast, are highly specific and can target and eliminate individual pathogens without disrupting the rest of the health-promoting microbiome of patients."

A foe's enemy becomes a friend

Phage therapy exploits the fact that bacteriophages specifically infect certain variants of bacteria, multiply within them, and ultimately destroy them. During this process, new bacteriophages are released which can combat further bacteria. The study's first author, Janes Krusche of the Cluster of Excellence CMFI, explains, "Due to their specificity, however, they can no longer multiply once all the pathogenic bacteria have been killed."

One of the challenges of this therapy is choosing the suitable bacteriophages, he adds. Krusche is the primary developer of the new phage identification tool (Phage Aureus RBP Identification System; PhARIS). PhARIS identifies specific receptor-binding proteins in phage genetic material to determine their ability to infect particular Staphylococcus aureus variants.

Peschel and Krusche believe the tool has major potential to improve phage therapies for the treatment of infected wounds and infections associated with implants. The research team is planning to further develop the system for other pathogens. The objective is to make PhARIS a standard laboratory tool to identify phages quickly and effectively as a treatment alternative to antibiotics for many different bacterial infections.