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A breakthrough in the understanding of how mammals create red blood cells could lead to opportunities for artificial blood to be created at scale for the first time. The study was led by Dr. Julia Gutjahr, who began her research into the mechanisms of blood production in the lab of Professor Antal Rot in the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry.

Dr. Gutjahr is now a biologist at the Institute of Cellular Biology and Immunology Thurgau at the University of Konstanz in Germany. She identified the molecular signal, chemokine CXCL12, that triggers the expulsion of the nucleus by the red blood cell precursors, a key step in the development of red blood cells. The paper is in the journal Science Signaling.

"In the final stage of an erythroblast's development into an erythrocyte, the erythroblast expels its nucleus. This process only occurs in mammals, allowing more room for hemoglobin involved in the transport of oxygen," explains Dr. Gutjahr.

"We discovered that the chemokine CXCL12 found mainly in bone marrow can trigger such nucleus expulsion, albeit in an interplay with several factors. By adding CXCL12 to erythroblasts at the right moment, we were able to artificially induce the expulsion of their nucleus."

Professor Rot, a professor of inflammation sciences at the William Harvey Research Institute, said, "Importantly, apart from immediate practical application for the industrial production of red blood cells, our results brought a completely new understanding of cell biological mechanisms involved in erythroblast responses to chemokines.

"Our research shows for the first time that chemokine receptors not only act on the cell surface but also inside the cell, thus opening entirely new perspectives on their role in cell biology."