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Common carp which are reared in fish-farms, stocked into recreational fisheries and then captured regularly by catch-and-release angling show much lower chronic stress levels than their wild counterparts that never see an angler's hook, a new study has found.

The findings, published in , indicate that although angling capture can be a short-term stressful event, repeated capture does not necessarily result in high levels of chronic stress in these fish.

Although previous research by the team has revealed associations between the amount of cortisol found in a fish's scales—a sign of chronic stress in fish—and the vulnerability of fish to angling capture, this study was the first to compare scale cortisol levels of hatchery-reared (domesticated) carp against wild carp.

Professor Robert Britton of Bournemouth University led the study, where scale cortisol data from domesticated carp in five recreational fisheries was compared with data from five wild populations. Although some wild carp had scale cortisol concentrations in the range of the domesticated carp, most wild carp had substantially higher scale cortisol—in some cases, well over ten times the cortisol concentration. So, despite their regular angling exploitation, the domesticated carp had much lower levels of chronic stress than wild carp.

The authors believe these differences in stress resilience relate to the domestication of carp producing strains with traits that include resilience to chronic stressors, coupled with their presence in fisheries where there is an abundance of food available from angling baits. The wild carp might also be more active, for example, through searching for food, which could elevate their general cortisol levels.

Professor Britton commented, "Our results suggest that the fish that we considered could be most vulnerable to chronic stress from angling could instead be the most stress resilient. This is reassuring that fish welfare in fisheries based on hatchery-reared fish might not be compromised by their regular angling capture."

Co-author Dr. Josephine Pegg of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity commented, "Recreational fisheries provide significant socioeconomic value worldwide, but it's important to recognize that the animals at the heart of these systems also deserve consideration and care. I'm pleased this work helps advance our understandings around the welfare of fish used in angling."

However, the authors caution that despite the apparent resilience of their fish to chronic stress, fishery managers should continue to apply a range of welfare metrics to safeguard their fish, including monitoring disease levels and water quality, especially during the current period of warm weather.